Climate Change indicators are observations that can be used to track the current state of climate and its trends. Climate is defined as the average weather conditions prevailing at a place or a region over a long period. At a broader scale climate systems include land, atmosphere, ocean and the cryosphere. The World Meteorological Organisation […]
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Green, brown and red seaweeds scattered on the beach is a normal occurrence in many coastal regions. The volume of beached seaweed biomass started to increase along the shores of industrialised nations in the 1970s and had become a major nuisance by the 1990s, when mass beaching of macroalgae started to be known as green […]
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The Global Biodiversity Outlook is the flagship publication of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993, 90 days after the 30th ratification, as stated […]
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Glaciers are formed when snow, compressed into large thickness of crystalline ice mass, develops an ability to move due to sheer mass. These glaciers together with snow and ice constitute the cryosphere which covers nearly 10 per cent of the surface of the earth (NSIDC, undated). The major part of ice and glaciers is found […]
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Antarctic is known for being earth’s largest single mass of ice. It covers almost 14 million sq km and holds around 61 per cent of earth’s freshwater. However, wide networks of canyons, waterways and lakes that have been discovered buried under the ice sheet have captured the interest of people and are now the focus […]
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Stratospheric ozone Arctic Ozone Depletion and Impact on Climate Change A study which examined the Arctic ozone depletion at eight stations in the Arctic stipulates that the Arctic stratospheric ozone recovery, predicted for the mid 2030s, might be significantly delayed (Pommereau, 2018). The study observed that the 2015-2016 ozone depletion is the third largest reported […]
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The discovery of ozone (O3) in the troposphere was first made in the 1840’s. Consequently, an intensive study about its distribution was made in the latter part of the nineteenth century due to its supposed health-giving properties as a germicide (Schönbein, 1840). The first classical explanation of ozone in the troposphere was that it was […]
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Cooling is associated with economic growth, health, wellbeing and productivity of people in hot climates. The growing economy of India is characterised by rising per capita income, rapid urbanisation and increasing heat waves. Yet, the country is marked by low penetration of air-conditioning. Given the situation, addressing the rising cooling requirement is both a challenge […]
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Total column ozone is the total amount of ozone in a column extending vertically from the earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere. It is measured using ground-based stations and satellites and is reported in Dobson units (DU). The ozone hole is defined in terms of reduced total column ozone—less than 220 DU. Stratospheric […]
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