Abstract: This blog emerges from a two-part conversation investigating the evolving understanding of sustainability by tracing its roots through geological epochs, civilizational collapses, demographic surges, and contemporary climate challenges. The discussion urges the urgent need to move away from generic, rhetorical uses of sustainability and towards a context-specific, historically grounded, and ecologically attuned framework. Particularly focused on India, the dialogue explores the unique vulnerabilities posed by demographic pressures, geomorphological features, and governance structures. It also critically evaluates the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a sharp lens on their relevance, contradictions, and adaptability for India's pressing realities.