Linguistic and biological diversity are inseparable and the strongest ecosystems are those which are most diverse as diversity contains the potential for adaptation. Uniformity can endanger a species since it is always accompanied by inflexibility and non adaptability.

India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, home to hundreds of languages representing millennia of cultural evolution and indigenous knowledge . The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) aims to harness and promote these diverse languages through the three-language formula (TLF). This article provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing linguistic diversity in India, the critical role of mother tongue-based education, and the implications of the National Education Policy 2020 for language preservation. The insights offered underline the urgent need for institutional, technological, and community-based strategies to safeguard India’s endangered languages.