Warming in Coastal Antarctic
Published: May 30, 2011
Photo: NCAOR
Abstract: Scrutiny of instrumental data from Antarctic reveals that the Continent has undergone significant changes in the recent decades, with an increase in atmospheric temperature in most parts. The largest annual warming trends are found in the West Antarctic and Antarctic Peninsula in particular. In contrast, the East Antarctic has experienced little warming. However, recent studies reveal that the warming had affected many sites in the coastal East Antarctic. Importantly, the complexity of Antarctic climate is still poorly understood because of the limited periods of observational data.
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A layer of foliage in a forest stand. This most often refers to the uppermost layer of foliage, but it can be used to describe lower layers in a multistoried stand. Leaves, branches and vegetation that are above ground and/or water that provide shade and cover for fish and wildlife.
Plants characterised by a specific growth and dormancy cycle, with certain parts falling at the end of the growing period, as leaves, fruits, etc., or after anthesis, as the petals of many flowers - as contrasted with evergreen which remains verdant throughout the year.
The loose, relatively undecomposed organic debris on the surface of the forest floor made up typically of leaves, bark, small branches, and other fallen material.
Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruit. They are the dominant type of plant today with over 250,000 species. Their flowers are used in reproduction. Angiosperms evolved 125 million years ago and became the dominant plants about 100 million years ago. Angiosperms are divided into the monocots (like corn) and dicots (like beans).
An autotroph (or producer) is an organism that makes its own food from light or chemical energy without eating. Most green plants, many protists (one-celled organisms like slime moulds) and most bacteria are autotrophs. Autotrophs are the base of the food chain.
The carrying capacity of an area is the maximum number of animals of a given species that can live there. This number is limited by amount of food in that region, by the amount of sheltering area required by the species, and other factors. The carrying capacity of a region is difficult to calculate.
Dispersers are animals that spread plant seeds. Some dispersers include birds, insects, bats, and furry animals like squirrels and monkeys.