Demographic Changes and Implications
Published: Jun 30, 2018
Photo: Prasad
Based on the current fertility changes, India will reach the replacement level within this decade. A view of Shillong in Meghalaya, which has the third highest fertility rate.
Abstract: In recent years the focus on population control has shifted to other critical issues such as demographic dividend, which not only provides greater opportunities, but also throws up several challenges.
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Term Power
What is ...
The actual reproductive performance of an individual, couple, group, or a population is known as fecundity.
Census is an official survey of the population in a country. It is carried out to find details such as population numbers, age, sex, and occupation. This information helps the government in the preparation and execution of plans related to education, health, employment and much more.
Emigration is the process of leaving one’s residential country intending to take up permanent residence in another to increase one's chance of employment or to improve the quality of life. The residence can be permanent or semi-permanent, depending on the country’s laws.
Death rate or mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given area and time. A mortality rate of 5 denotes the death of 5 people in every 1,000, or .5 per cent of the total population.
Demographic transition is the historical shift from high to low birth and death rates in a population. It has been observed that the decline of mortality usually precedes the decline in fertility, resulting in a rapid population growth during the transition period.
The replacement level fertility is the total fertility rate at which a population replaces itself from one generation to next. The rate is roughly 2.1 children per woman in developed countries, although it may vary with mortality rates and living conditions. In countries with high infant and child mortality rates, however, the average number of births may need to be much higher.
Age dependency ratio is the ratio of the number of children (0-14 years old) and older persons (65 years or over) to the working-age population (15-64 years old). The ratio is used to measure the pressure on productive population in a specific state, country or world.
Total fertility rate (TFR) is the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her life if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population. The TFR is a synthetic rate, not based on the fertility of any real group of women.
Urbanisation is the gradual increase in population living in urban areas and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It is the process through which towns and cities forms and expands as more people begin living and working in central areas.
Carrying capacity is the maximum individuals of a given species an area can sustain through its resources indefinitely without drastically depleting or degrading
those resources.