India First to Secure Dual Deep-Sea Exploration Contracts as the Global Regulations Remain in Flux

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) marked a watershed moment on September 15, 2025, signing a 15-year contract with the Indian government, revolutionising deep-sea exploration. India has been granted exclusive rights for the exploration of polymetallic sulphides (PMS) in the 10,000 sq km Carlsberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean, landmarking it as the first state which now holds three contracts, making India the only nation with the largest allocated international seabed territory. This contract......

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